The Dorset Coast (Jurassic Coast) has excellent examples of coastal features:
Dorset is a small county on the south coast of England and contains some of the most striking examples of coastal features (kustvormen) in the British Isles.


1. Coastal erosion (kusterosie):
As the map below shows, several rock types reach the sea along the Dorset coast, some of them resistant, others more soft.
• The resistant rocks, such as chalk (krijt) and limestone (kalksteen), form cliffs and headlands that display caves (brandingsgrotten), arches (brandingsbogen), and stacks (brandingspilaren).
Handfast Point is a good example of a headland and it has stacks such as Old Harry and Old Harry's Wife (see map below).
• The soft rocks, such as clay and shale (kleischalie), have been quickly eroded to form beaches at the back of bays, such as Lulworth Cove and Swanage Bay.


2. Longshore drift (kustdrift):
The dominant winds and waves come from the south-west so the waves wash up the beach at an angle and longshore drift (kustdrift) takes place.


3. Deposition (kustsedimentatie):
The longshore drift has formed sandspits (zand-schoorwallen, zandhaken), such as Studland Spit, and the Isle of Portland has been joined to the mainland by a tombolo (tombolo) called Chesil Beach. It is 30 km long and up to 15 metres high and is believed to have once been an offshore sandbar (zandwal).
Elsewhere, beaches are commonly found at the back of bays, such as Swanage Bay.


Zie voor een goede introductie van de verschillende kustvormen:
engeland_coastal-landscapes

Korte samenvatting wandeltrektocht Jurassic Coast:
Ik wandelde naast de route door Dorset ook Axmouth to Lyme Regis...
Deze laatste ligt gedeeltelijk in het graafschap Devon.

• We start in Seaton (East Devon) and follow the coastal path as it extends eastwards towards Lyme Regis (Dorset) .
This section includes The Undercliffs, now a nature reserve.
• Lyme Regis is the’ Pearl of Dorset’ whose charm has persuaded  many famous writers to stay, among them Jane Austen, Thomas Hardy and John Fowle’s whose novel “The French Lieutenant’s Woman” is set here.
• Reaching Charmouth the cliffs are famous for their dense fossil deposits.
A complete Plesiosaur (think of  the Loch Ness Monster) was discovered here and you might well find your own 100 million year old fossil if you look carefully. (If unsuccessful visit Charmouth’s Old Forge fossil shop).
• From  the headland, you are rewarded by the spectacular orange sandstone cliffs of Golden Cap cliff (191 m) – the highest point on the south coast with a panorama of amazing far reaching views  in all directions.
• Descend to West Bay and walk straight into Broadchurch ! Here is the striking location of television’s drama series ‘Broadchurch’ , attracting a record 9 million (armchair) viewers to the wonderful backdrop and enchanting small harbour town, Bridport.
• Further along you come to 28 km long Chesil Beach, one of the finest barrier beaches in Europe protecting an important nature reserve The Fleet.
The unique bank of colourful pebbles grow from pea size at Burton-Bradstock to potatoe size at Portland. 
• You stay in the beautifully preserved village of Abbotsbury, which has no street lighting and a medieval tithe barn still in use as a storehouse.
Abbotsbury has the oldest managed swan population in the world. For over 600 years a colony of mute swans (= knobbelzwanen) has been living at Abbotsbury Swannery set up by medieval monks as a food source.
• The final part of the walk rises and dips along the cliffs above the natural arch of Durdle Door, and down to Lulworth Cove – a perfect horseshoe bay ringed with magnificent cliffs.
• If the Lulworth ranges are open the walk follows the cliff, otherwise there is a detour.
• At Kimmeridge Bay the nodding donkey (jaknikker) pumps oil from the shale.
• Finally along the chalk cliff tops to famous Old Harry Rocks stacks (=brandingspilaren, klippen) standing like guardians of this unique stretch of  beautiful coastline.

• Lyme Regis with The Cobb (= havenmuur) to the left. The Cobb was the backdrop to the climax of the film The French Lieutenant's Woman.


• Charmouth has the most famous fossil site along the coast.


• View from Golden Cap to the east.
• Golden Cap is the highest point on the whole south coast (191 m).

Video YouTube:
BBC Coast 1 ..01 of 12...Dover to Exmouth. vanaf 41:43 tot einde

Fotoalbum:
www.ramblingpete.w... (tweede helft route)

Begin- en eindpunt:
Van Seaton naar Poole.

Lengte en tijdsduur: 125½ km
• Als je deze wandeltrektocht met een lichte dagrugzak loopt, terwijl je de hoofdbagage laat bezorgen, kun je het traject in 7 dagen doen(zie verderop bij Van dag tot dag).
• Ga je echter met trekkingrugzak en tent dan heb je zo'n indeling niet nodig. Je bent dan vrij in doen en laten en kunt 's avonds altijd wel een tentplek vinden.
Je hebt dan wel 1 tot 2 dagen méér nodig, omdat je met een trekkingrugzak minder kilometers per dag aflegt.

Beste periode:
Half juni ― half september is beste periode.
Je bent hier aan de kust. Dan is het op bewolkte dagen met wind zelfs nog in begin juni koud.
September is al wel vroeg donker.
De neerslag is seizoensgebonden. In de winter valt er veel, maar de zomer is droog.
(Voor het weerbericht ga je naar www.metoffice.gov.uk/)

Zwaarte:
De meeste dagwandelingen zijn middelzwaar.
Alleen de 6 e dag door de Lulworth Ranges is zwaar. Zie verderop bij Van dag tot dag voor meer details.
De kleiige padgedeelten zijn bij neerslag glad. Loop in dat geval liever over het gras erlangs.
There are some steep sections of coastal path, however the steep hills are a maximum of 200 metres of ascent/ descent in one go and are often much less.


Routemarkering:
Zeer goed, zoals alle "national trails".


Openbaar vervoer: goed.
Je kunt desgewenst met openbaar vervoer naar het beginpunt/eindpunt van de dagwandeling reizen.


Bevoorrading: goed.
• Levensmiddelen: iedere dag is er wel een plaats met een supermarktje.
• Drinkwater: denk eraan dat veel openbare toiletten geen goede drinkwaterkraan hebben om een fles te vullen.

• Rock falls in chalk (krijt) slopes at Mupe Bay.
• The white cliff is made of billions and billions of shells of microscopic plankton, which have. slowly compacted into huge beds of chalk.
• Krijt is een fijnkorrelige, witte kalksteensoort, die uit de skeletten van microscopischplankton bestaat.


• Through the "eye" of a stone at Mupe Bay.
• Iets verderop zie je het resultaat van de serie rock falls opnieuw, maar nu beneden vanaf het strand.


Hoogtepunten:
• Axmouth to Lyme Regi... an active coastal landslide system.
• Black Ven landslide complex between Lyme Regis and Charmouth.
• Fossil sites at Charmouth.
• Golden Cap cliff (191 m), the highest point of the south coast of England.
• Chesil Beach the great shingle bar ( kiezelwal ), backed by The Fleet the semi-freshwater lagoon.
• Durdle Door the textbook arch and Lulworth Cove the hollowed-out cove.
• Old Harry Rocks , the chalk (= krijt) stacks (= brandingspilaren, klippen) at Handfast Point (one of the most famous landmarks on the Jurassic Coast) (landmark =markante object)
• Coastal flowers and birds.
• Occasional seals, dolphins and basking sharks (Reuzenhaaien).


Hoogtepunt volgens www.ldwa.org.uk:
• West-Lulworth ― Kimmeridge ....11 km.
Ik vond vooral de 2 de helft hiervan erg mooi !
Bekijk de exacte data dat de Lulworth Ranges open zijn:
www.southwestcoastp... (Accessible most weekends and school holidays).

• Kimmeridge Bay: aan de voet van de kliffen is door de branding een brandingsplatform ontstaan (Eng: wave-cut platform) Bij laagwater valt het gedeeltelijk droog.
• Je kijkt oostwaarts. In de verte zie je Clavell Tower.


• Clavell Tower , Kimmeridge Bay;
• A folly built by Rev. John Clavell in 1831 and used as a coastguard lookout.
• Built of yellowish dolomite from the beach with some brick and with a Portland Stone colonnade.
• Men heeft de toren steen voor steen afgebroken en een aantal meter landinwaarts herbouwd. Anders zou hij nu al met een van de klifafstortingen in zee zijn gedonderd.


• Je kijkt westwaarts. Links zie je Clavell Tower.


ANWB Campings:
Zie voor een overzicht anwb.nl/engeland


Wildkamperen:
Een nachtje bivakkeren ('s avonds de trekkerstent opzetten en 's morgens weer afbreken) gaf geen problemen.


Extra dag mogelijk:
• Abbotsbury.


Jurassic Coast :
• It became England’s first natural World Heritage Site.
http://news.bbc.co....
• The site stretches from  Orcombe Point  near  Exmouth in East Devon to  Old Harry Rocks  near Swanage in East Dorset, a distance of 155 kilometres.

• What makes this coast so special is the way its cliff exposures provide an almost continuous geological 'walk through time' spanning the Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods.
It's like a time capsule holding 185 million years of the Earth's history.
Zie ook http://nl.wikipedia.org/...

Jurassic Coast Bus X53:
The Jurassic Coast Bus Service is ideal for walkers who want to walk along a section of the coast path as they have the option of either travelling out or back by bus.
The service connects Seaton, Lyme Regis, Charmouth, West Bay, Burton Bradstock, Abbotsbury, Weymouth, Osmington Mills, Lulworth Cove, Swanage, Studland and South Haven Point (Poole Harbour) (Summer service).

• A massive landslip marks Houns-tout Cliff, here seen with other promontories along the coast. Je kijkt vanaf Emmetts Hill naar het westen.
• The Slumped (afgeschoven), dark slopes below Houns-tout Cliff are made up of unstable shales (kleischalies), which, because they are topped with porous limestone, become saturated and periodically slide away causing major rockfalls.

Coastal Path Diversion:
Zware regenval en de onstabiele geologische structuur doen bij de kliffen voortdurend gesteente afbrekenen en omlaagstorten (rock falls).
Van tijd tot tijd zijn er ook grote aardverschuivingen (landslips).
Dit betekent dat het kustpad omgeleid moet worden. Zie voor al deze omleidingen www.southwestcoastpath.o...


Beware of unstable cliffs / falling rocks:
Ik ken geen ander kustpad met zoveel rock falls en landslips. Wees dus zéér voorzichtig.
Het kustpad loopt gedeeltelijk bovenlangs de klif. Op een aantal plaatsen nadert de terugwijkende klifrand tot op een meter het pad. Dit kan gevaarlijk zijn, indien het klif op die plaats ondermijnd is. Het overhangende gesteente zou dan kunnen afbreken en omlaagstorten. Daarom geldt als regel:
• blijf bovenop de klif op ruime afstand van de klifrand en
• beneden op het strand ook ver genoeg van de voet van de klif.
www.bbc.com/news/u...
......................................
www.bbc.com/news/u...



Eindbeoordeling:
Dit deeltraject is een zeer mooie top trail.
Zelfs mooier dan SWCP: West-Cornwall en Pembrokeshire Coast Path.



Beste websites:
www.southwestcoast...
......................................
www.oppad.nl/?bestem...
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http://jurassiccoast.org/
......................................
www.luggagetransfers...



Introductie South West Coast Path
Zie hiervoor op mijn website:South West Coast Path



Zie voor een goede introductie van de verschillende kustvormen:
engeland_coastal-lands...

The Undercliff:
(Oerwoud-achtig gebied ! )
An undercliff is a sloaping section of coast between the top of the cliff and the beach.
It is torn into ridges and throughs, which are shaped by small landslips.

• Tussen Axmouth en Lyme Regis zijn grote stukken klif afgeschoven.
• De oorzaak is een ondoorlatende, gladde kleilaag onder de poreuze kalk- en zandsteenlagen.
• Regenwater dringt in de kalk- en zandsteenlagen, en maakt ze zo zwaar dat ze naar beneden schuiven over de kleilaag.
• Let op ! Als men met bordjes aangeeft dat het pad op een plaats geblokkeerd is door een aardverschuiving, dan kun je er toch gaan wandelen.
Ga dan vanuit Axmouth of Lyme Regis over het pad tot aan die aardverschuiving en keer vervolgens om en over hetzelfde pad weer terug.


• The Undercliff stretches almost 7 miles in length between Axmouth and Lyme Regis and can be accessed via the  South West Coast Path which runs through the entire length of the reserve.

Onderstaande mooie beschrijving vond ik op:
http://jsbookreader.blogs

• Created by past and ongoing landslips, the Undercliff is essentially a south-facing forested ledge (=terras) around seven miles long and at most a quarter of a mile wide, bounded on one side by cliffs down to the sea and on the other by a ravine and further cliffs to landward.
• The underlying terrain, rumpled by the landslides is chaotic, a mess of ridges and deep gullies.
• The vegetation at the western end is generally bushes and scrub, including bracken, brambles and smaller trees like hawthorn.
Further east the Undercliff becomes a proper wood with large mature trees (ash, maple and beech).
• It has been described as the nearest thing Britain has to a jungle(oerwoud-achtig!), and this was an especially accurate description when walking it on a close, hot summer afternoon.
We got through a litre of water each, and could easily have done with more.
• There are some clear vistas back to crumbling chalk (=krijt) cliffs, but only occasional glimpses out to the coastline.
• The path switches rapidly between easy forest path and, mostly, an exhausting succession of ups and downs via slopes with slippery flints (=vuurstenen) and small flights of log steps.
It's definitely, as generally described, an arduous and challenging walk, but a fascinating one.

• The chalk and sandstone rock absorb water like a sponge, becoming very heavy, and move across the impermeable and slippery surface of the claybeneath.
• This often happens slowly, pushing rock and soil before it, causing breaks in the established paths and pushing trees over.
• Occasionally it happens in spectacular fashion as it did in 1839 when Goat Islandwas formed. One night, a huge slab of land, known as Goat Island, moved towards the sea and a large chasm (kloof) opened up behind it.
Goat Island which was once part of a field at the top of the cliffs, is now a plateau much lower down.
• During the 20th century the landslip has become heavily overgrown as it is too dangerous for sheep to graze safely in and the numbers of rabbits has declined due to myxomatosis.
• The cliff tops are 100m – 150m above sea level with the landslide sharply dipping down to 20m above sea level.
This forms a landscape which is sheltered from the worst of the weather and benefits from its own micro climate.
• Much of the dense woodland is of a completely natural structure and where non-native species are absent this represents some of the finest undisturbed ash woodland in the country.
www.seatonbay.com/adv...
...........................................
https://www.google.co.uk/...

• Je loopt over een smal voetpaadje door een "jungle".
• Op deze foto zie je een van de vele traptreden met behulp waarvan men de ruggetjes in het terrein opklimt en afdaalt.
• Loop voorzichtig: op sommige plaatsen is het pad glad of liggen er wortels bloot.


• Classic undercliff terrain: an overgrown tumbled terrain on a clifftop ledge (=terras) backed by further, higher cliffs.


• The undercliff between Axmouth and Lyme Regis supports Britain’s largest self-sown Ash woodland.

Denk aan de woorden op :
www.southwestcoastpath.o..

The landslip east of Seaton can be, for some walkers, frustrating, because:
• views of the sea are rare and glimpsed,
• an accurate idea of location is impossible and
• the environment can be claustrophobic for some and always a little forbidding.

Black Ven landslide complex:

Coastal landslides:
De jurassic coast is berucht vanwege de coastal landslides.
Zie bijv. www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-e...
Drie bekende zijn:
Black Ven landslide complex.
.............................................
Stonebarrow Hill landslide...
............................................
Burton Bradstock rock fall.

Black Ven landslide complex:
• Between Lyme Regis and Charmouth the weak beds of shales (=schalies) and marls(=mergels) give rise to one of the largest coastal mudslides in Europe called Black Ven landslide complex.
• In 1958/9 two huge mudslides spilled out across the beach. Today the boulder arcs exposed at low tide are all that remain from this event.
• However these cliffs continue to move and it is only a matter of time before the next 'big slip' takes place.
• The landslides vary in character and occur:
1. whenever sandstones overlie shales(schalies) and marls(mergels) and
2. where the cliffs are undermined by coastal erosion.
• At Black Ven the slips take the form of major mudslides that advance over the beach but elsewhere there can be sudden and dangerous rock falls.
.


• Black Ven is a big, active landslide complex consisting of:
- an upper section in a sandstone known as Foxmould and
- a lower part consisting mainly of a series of shales(=schalies) and marls (=mergels) with thin limestone (=kalksteen) bands that form benches in the landscape.


• In het midden zie je het Black Ven landslide complex.
• Links verschijnen de eerste woningen van Lyme Regis, en rechts die van Charmouth.


• Westwaarts kijkend vanaf Charmouth over Black Ven naar Lyme Regis.

Chesil Beach . & . The Fleet:

http://mysite.du.edu/...

Chesil Beach:
• This is a shingle barrier beach (strandwal; lido) of 28 km (the largest in Western Europe !) running between West Bay and Portland.
(It is not a spit (schoorwal)!)
• A barrier beach(strandwal) is a gravel ridge (grindwal) that rises slightly above the surface of the sea and runs roughly parallel to the shore, from which it is separated by a lagoon.
• The coarse gravel (grof grind) vary in size from pea sized at Burton Bradstock to hen’s egg-size at Portland.
• Since Chesil Beach is so long (28 km), aerial photographs often give it the appearance of being very narrow; this is not the case.
In most parts the beach is 150 - 200 m wide and up to 13 m high.
• The seaward, southern side often takes a battering from the sea, but the lagoon side is afforded protection by the relatively high crest of the beach.
• Building the beach:
The origin of Chesil Beach remains the subject of debate. The traditional view is that the beach has been driven on shore by rising sea levels following the last Ice Age.
• Hardy beach plants:
As the beach is so exposed to south-westerly winds and sea spray, vegetation is concentrated on the sloping shingles facing The Fleet.
Plant colonization is also considerable greater at the Abbotsbury end, because the finer pebbles which occur here help to trap such organic matter as guano which enriches the soil and helps to retain moisture.
Vegetation is still sparse though, and the only plants to survive this harsh habitat are those that are tolerant of sea spray and can either root very deeply or withstand long periods of drought.
• Vogels: Chesil Beach is een belangrijk broedgebied voor het Visdiefje en de Dwergstern. In het broedseizoen is het strand dan ook verboden terrein.
• A shingle beach (kiezelstrand)  is a beach which is armoured with pebbles  or small- to medium-sized cobbles (as opposed to sand).

...The Fleet:
• Protected partly from the sea by Chesil Beach lies The Fleet, a 13 km long tidal lagoon (getijdenlagune) composed of a series of narrows and coves.
• It opens at its southeastern end (at Weymouth) into the sea through a narrow bridged entrance less than 75 m wide.
At the northwestern, enclosed end is the famous Abbotsbury Swannery.
• At the Weymouth end, where the lagoon joins the sea, there is a tidal rush of immense power and range, but at the Abbotsbury end the presence of normal tides is barely noticeble.
• There are extensive mudflats at the Weymouth end which are exposed at low tide, but even at high tide The Fleet is extremely shallow, except for the deep channels between the mudflat.
• The Fleet is unique among British tidal lagoons in having a marked difference in salinity (salt concentration) along its length and contrasting conditions along its two main shorelines.
• The salinity in the lower third of The Fleet, near Weymouth, is much the same as in the English Channel, but in the upper two-thirds it can vary considerable depending on whether drought conditions or floods prevail.
In a drought the salinity might be a quarter that found in sea water, yet during floods this may be diluted to one twentieth of seawater salinity.
• The two long shorelines have very little in common, and thus add considerably to the interest of the area.
The straight shoreline bordering Chesil Beach is composed predominantly of shingle whereas the opposite, landward edge is convoluted and offers a considerble variety of habitats ranging from saltwater and freshwater marsh to cliffs and cultivated soils.



• West Bay and beyond taken from East Cliff (Je kijkt dus vanaf de clifftop westwaarts).
• The mouth of the West Bay harbour marks the north-west end of Chesil Beach.
• Het was een raar gezicht om zo'n enorme grindwal voor de bebouwing te zien liggen.

• A view of Chesil Beach & The Fleet, taken from above the Isle of Portland, near Weymouth.
• This shingle barrier extends some 28 km to West Bay in the distance.
• It affords protection to the tidal Fleet Lagoon and a low-lying hinterland.
• The beach maintains a continuous crest from West Bay at 6m O.D. rising to around 13m O.D. in the foreground of this photo.
• The surface is difficult to walk on; trying to cover any distance along the ridge is exhausting.
• The pebbles (grind) gradually increase in size from west to east.


• The pebbles (grind) near Chiswell, Isle of Portland.
• They are difficult to walk on because the rounded pebbles slide against each other.
• All material is hard and siliceous, mostly flint (vuursteen) and chert (silex; hoornsteen).

Van Durdle Door.naar Lulworth Cove:

• Durdle Door is an iconic image on the Dorset coast. This impressive natural rock arch (=brandingsboog) is formed due to the effect of the erosive power of the sea on the vertical layers of different types of rock.
• It is part of only a small strip of hard limestone that is left here.
• The remnants of old arches can still be seen in the form of 'stumps' of limestone.
One day that is all that will remain of Durdle Door.

• St. Oswald's Bay is het resultaat van twee inhammen die tenslotte in elkaar zijn overgelopen. In zee zijn nog resten van de relatief harde kalksteen te zien.
• At St. Oswald's Bay two old coves (=inhammen) have been eroded to form one with only a string of reefs (=klippen) showing where the hard limestone once was. 

• At Stair Hole limestone was folded into these contorted (verwrongen) shapes during tectonic movements which formed the Alpine mountains, 30 million years ago.
• Door kusterosie ontstond in de kalksteen een brandingsboog.
• The limestone fractured and let in the sea - a new cove (=inham) in the making.

• Lulworth Cove. (Cove=inham; kleine baai)
• This rock formation is a perfect horseshoe bay formed around 10,000 years ago when a stream breached the limestone cliff and the sea hollowed out the softer clays behind.
• This process has happened in several places along the coast here and is still happening today.
For instance Stair Hole just west of Lulworth Cove (see photo) is a new cove in the making. Eventually it will join up with Lulworth Cove.


•Lulworth cove (= inham) is een perfect hoefijzervormige inham langs een steile kust met een nauwe doorgang naar open zee.
• De verschillende steenlagen lopen hier parallel aan zee en zijn door plooiing vertikaal komen te staan.
• Een golf in de branding komt hier achtereenvolgens een relatief harde kalksteen, de zachte zand- en kleilagen en tenslotte het weer iets hardere witte krijtgesteente van de Dorset Downs tegen.
Als de zee eenmaal door de relatief harde kalksteen heen is gebroken, vallen de zachtere klei- en zandlagen snel ten prooi aan de golven. Vervolgens loopt de zee zich weer vast op het ook beter weerstand biedende krijtgesteente.
• The impact of coastal erosion can be seen to great effect at Lulworth Cove. Here, waves have cut through the resistant limestone and eroded into the softer sands and clays behind to form an almost perfectly circular cove.

Limestone areas in England and Wales:

• There are three types of limestone in the British Isles, but the one that forms the highest upland areas is Carboniferous limestone (1) (kalksteen uit het Carboon).
• Links van de diagonale lijn liggen de uplands (=gebieden hoger dan ongeveer 1,000 feet (± 300m) boven zeeniveau.) De belangrijkste upland limestone landscapes in Engeland zijn: Northumberland NP , Lake District NP , Yorkshire Dales NP , North York Moors NP en Peak District NP.
• Je ziet op de kaart dat North York Moors NP wel uplands is (het ligt links van de diagonale lijn), maar geen Carboniferous limestone (1) heeft, In plaats daarvan heeft ze de zachte, geelachtige Jurassic limestone (2).
Deze Jurassic limestone vormt een 500 km lang massief tussen Lyme Regis aan de zuidkust en Whitby aan de noordoostkust.
Ook de Cotswolds hebben die zachte, geelachtige kalksteen, maar omdat ze ten oosten van de diagonale lijn ligt, is het dus géén upland.


The map shows the three sedimentary rocks that are made from sea creatures:
1. Carboniferous limestone
(kalksteen uit het Carboon: hard, grijs),
2. Jurassic limestone
(kalksteen uit de Jura: zacht, geelachtig) and
3. Cretaceous chalk
(krijt uit het Krijt: zacht, wit) ,

Jurassic limestone (2) and Cretaceous chalk (3) can hold water – they have tiny holes in them and are very porous.

Carboniferous limestone (1)
Carboniferous limestone is not at all porous — although it is permeable (=doorlaatbaar) Water seeps through the joints.

The limestone is laid down in layers or 'beds' separated by bedding planes (laagvlakken) and divided up into blocks by a series of joints (vertikale scheuren) (Joint = een vertikale scheur in een gesteente zonder dat het gesteente aan beide zijden verschoven is.)
These Joints in rock are caused by shrinkage or release of pressure as rocks above are eroded away. (Zie verder upland limestone landscapes)

A long time ago, about 350 million years ago (even before the Dinosaurs) England was covered by a shallow tropical sea – a bit like where the Great Barrier Reef is forming today.
As the small animals and corals that lived in the sea died, their shells and skeletons fell to the bottom. A thick layer built up over millions of years.
As it squashed and hardened, it eventually turned into limestone.
This Carboniferous limestone (1) is nowadays found in:
- northern England (e.g. Yorkshire Dales, Peak district),
- Wales (e.g. Brecon Beacons) and in
- Ireland (e.g. The Burren).

Old Harry Rocks (offshore chalk stacks).
Dorset AONB....16 km .. middelzwaar

At the eastern end of the Jurassic Coast towards Studland Bay, the chalk (=krijt) cliffs have been dramatically eroded into a series of offshore chalk stacks (=brandingspilaren, klippen) called Old Harry Rocks.
These stacks are famous landmarks (markante objecten) on the Jurassic Coast.

(Dit stuk kust behoort ook tot de top-10 kwetsbare plekken kustafslag in Groot-Brittannië)

• Chalk (= krijt) cliffs and stacks at Handfast Point.
• Krijt is een fijnkorrelige, witte kalksteensoort, die uit de skeletten van microscopisch plankton bestaat.
• Chalk is generally considered a soft rock, but it is surprisingly resistant to marine erosion.and forms towering vertical cliffs along the coast.
• The string of sea stacks (brandingspilaren) that trail out onto the sea off the point here formed after the last ice age.
• Sea stacks like Old Harry form when slightly harder areas of rock resist erosion whilst everything else around them is worn away. Eventually these stacks will collapse but new ones will replace them. Ongoing erosion like this is the main reason the coast is so beautiful.
• At some point in the last 20,000 years the sea breached the chalk ridge that would have stretched across to the Isle of Wight.
It probably did this by flooding up river channels that had cut down through the chalk.
Once this natural barrier was breached the land behind was submerged, creating the Solent. The chalk was slowly stripped back to create the coastline we see now.


• A general view of Old Harry Rocks (a series of chalk stacks (=brandingspilaren). jutting into the sea.
• The progressive erosion of the headland can be seen, from the caves (=brandingsgrotten) etched out at.the waterline, to the arch (=brandingsboog) on the main stack, and eventually the isolated, pillars of rock (brandingspilaren).


• A detail from the shot above, the stack (=brandingspilaar), arch (=brandingsboog) and some wave-cut platform (=brandingsplatform) , exposed at low tide.


• Chalk stacks (=brandingspilaren) are formed where the sea erodes a headland and isolates pieces of cliff.

Van dag tot dag:

- Plan zodanig dat de Lulworth Ranges open zijn, als je daar aankomt.
Bekijk de exacte data op de website van het South West Coast Path:
www.southwestcoastpath...
They are open most weekends and at peak holiday times such as the whole of August and bank holidays
Opening dates should be verified at the Lulworth Cove Heritage Centre.

- Onderstaande dagindeling volgt grotendeels:
www.hfholidays.co.uk/holid...

Arrival Lyme Regis.
- This is a delightful seaside resort with the partially medieval cobb (=havenmuur).
- The Lyme Regis museum is a great introduction and insight into the natural history of the area.
- Here your first two nights accommodation has been booked.

1. Seaton ― Lyme Regis
... 11 ½ km...middelzwaar . ↑ 405 m
- Take in Lyme Regis a bus to Seaton.
(Eten en drinkwater meedragen voor de hele dag).
- Walk via the Axmouth-Lyme Regis U.. back:
This nature reserve is the 10 km coastal strip between these towns. This unique environment was formed from landslides and is home to many plants and animals with its mix of habitats including dense ash woodland.
You wander along paths through jungle-like woodland with only occasional glimpses out to the coastline.

2. Lyme Regis ― Bridport
... 16 ½ km .. middelzwaar . ↑ 425 m
- “Rollercoaster” footpath.
- Interesting sequence of cliff paths and smugglers’ villages such as Charmouth and Seatown.
- Als het getij het toelaat, loop je van Lyme Regis naar Charmouth over.het strand ! Zo niet, dan doe je de inland diversion:
- Between Lyme Regis and Charmouth rock falls have necessitated an inland diversion from the coast. In that case the path heads inland skirting Black Ven, the remains of the largest coastal mudslide in Europe, before descending to Charmouth Beach, one of the best places to find fossils on the Jurassic Coast.
- visit also Charmouth Heritage Coast Centre.
- If fossil hunting doesn’t distract you for too long, continue along the cliffs to Golden Cap hill (191 m), the highest sea cliff in the south of England with splendid views all round. Here Cretaceous sands sit on top of Jurassic clays.
From here, we walk down into the hamlet of Seatown, before the next hill takes us over to Eype and Bridport.
(Loop vanaf Eype via holle wegen naar Bridport.)

3. Bridport ― Abbotsbury
..( 16 km ... middelzwaar ...↑ ... m
- Continue your walk heading along the coast towards Burton Bradstock (worth a visit ! ) with its old spinning mill houses and thatched cottages before reaching Chesil Beach, (longest shingle beach in Europe)
- It is an 28 km stretch of flint (vuursteen) and chert shingle.
- It is uniquely separated from the mainland by the Fleet Lagoon.
- From West Bexington we take the South Dorset Ridgeway (this is an inland Coast Path section) to the beautiful village of Abbotsbury.
This village has a medieval tithe barn and swannery, the only one of its kind where swans are bred.
- There are plenty of sites here, especially we would recommend a stroll up to St. Catherine’s chapel at sunset or dawn.
This chapel served as a lighthouse from monastic times and through the destruction of the monasteries as a reference landmark for shipping. Recent storms have, however, caused the sea to breach the ridge and form a tidal lagoon on the marsh.

......4. Abbotsbury ― Ellwell
.... 20 km..... middelzwaar .... ↑ 450 m
- Further on the South Dorset Ridgeway (an arm of the National Trail)
- It offers a wonderful combination of views out towards Chesil Beach and a chance for us to explore one of the UK’s most important ancient ceremonial landscapes.
- Neolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age remains and constructions line our route to the village of Elwell, just north of Weymouth.
- We also pass the National Trust monument to the Battle of Trafalgar hero, Thomas Hardy on its exposed setting above Portesham.
- Weymouth is an old seaside town. 
There is plenty to enjoy in Weymouth including a wonderful beach and a lovely harbour.



5. Weymouth―Lulworth Cove
.....17 ½ km......middelzwaar.....↑ 750m
- Follow the Dorset Coast Path eastwards along the white chalk cliffs from Weymouth to Lulworth Cove.
- This is another roller coaster day, but you can bypass the hilliest sections with a more inland route.
- On the way you pass the natural arches (rotsbogen) of Bats Head and Durdle Door and the long abandoned medieval village of Ringstead.
Durdle Door is a 200ft high natural arch made up of chalk (krijt).
- Just past Durdle Door, you enter the beautiful Lulworth Cove with its azure waters and chalk hillside.

6. Lulworth Cove ― Worth Matravers
... 21 km ... zwaar......↑ ... m
- Draag levensmiddelen en drinkwater mee, want er is geen supermarktje onderweg en de eerste gelegenheid voor drinkwater bijvullen is pas bij de Purbeck Marine Nature Reserve.
- Dit is een zware dag. Drie keer 140 hm steil omhoog (Bindon Hill, Rings Hill en Houns-tout Cliff) Daarnaast nog vele andere kortere stijgingen.
- Leaving Lulworth Cove, you will enter Fossil Forest , the most complete fossil record of a Jurassic Forest in the world. 
- Today’s walk does involve some careful planning as it takes you through the Lulworth Ranges.
Please check notices locally as to the safe times you can cross.
- Head inland to the pretty village of Worth Matravers where you will stay for the night.

7. Worth Matravers―Poole Harbour
.....23 km........middelzwaar .....↑.. m
- This walk takes you past Durlston Head which offers fantastic views of the English Channel and the Isle of Wight before
- continuing  to the striking white sea stacks (brandingspilaren, klippen) of Old Harry and Old Harry's Wife which signify the end of your journey. along the Jurassic Coast. (This area is a great place to spot bottlenose dolphins, pretty wildflowers and butterflies and so makes for a very enjoyable final day.)
- Voorbij Studland liep ik over mooie paden midden door de Studland Heath (de in het terrein gemarkeerde Heather Walk Trail) naar South
Haven Point. ( Daar kun je de veerboot nemen naar Poole.)
- Poole Harbour ( is a ria formed at the end of the last ice age). (Ria = het verdronken buitenste deel van een rivierdal)

Bovenstaande dagetappes kunnen als leidraad dienen voor degenen
die B & B boeken en dus met slechts een lichte dagrugzak lopen.
De wandelaars met trekkingrugzak en tent hebben zo'n indeling niet
nodig.
Zij zijn zo vrij als een vogel en kunnen 's avonds overal wel een tentplek vinden. Ze doen er overigens wel goed aan 2 dagen extra te rekenen,
omdat je met een trekkingrugzak minder km's per dag aflegt dan met
een dagrugzak.

SNP Natuurreizen heeft in Groot-Brittanië ook wandelreizen:

Hun reizen met een zwaarte van 1 of 2 zwarte cirkeltjes komen het beste overeen met mijn wandelingen.
Je maakt dan niet te veel hoogtemeters en wandeluren per dag.

Zie: www.snp.nl/reizen/

... Deze wandelsite is niet-commercieel, onafhankelijk en gratis. Dat is enkel mogelijk door steun van de bezoekers. Heb je hier goede info gevonden, toon dan je waardering door een kleine donatie voor het vele werk. Zo kan de website ook gratis blijven en uitgebouwd worden! ................................... Betaal met deze knop in een paar klikken via je eigen PayPal-saldo. Heb je zelf nog geen PayPal-rekening, dan kun je toch via PayPal vanaf je creditcard geld overmaken. Uiteraard kun je ook doneren door overschrijving op mijn ING-bankrekening: IBAN : NL38 INGB 0003 5057 89 BIC : INGBNL2A t.n.v. P. C.M. Smulders. ...

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LAATST BIJGEWERKT : 7-1-2019